SQL Foundations

• The Relational Database Model
• Relational Database Management Systems
• Standard SQL vs. Proprietary Enhancements
• Normalization and Related Iissues
• Entities and Relationships
• Simple Data Modeling and ER Diagrams
• The parts of SQL: DDL, DML, and DCL

Using DDL

• Identifiers and Names
• Types of Column Data
• NULL and NOT NULL Values
• Creating a Table
• Creating a Table From a Template
• Creating Table and Column Constraints
• Primary Keys and Foreign Keys
• Modifying and Removing Tables

Basic DML

• Simple SELECT Statements
• Selecting DISTINCT Values
• Selecting Values Based on Functions
• Ordering the Results of a Query
• Constraining Queries with WHERE Clauses
• Constraining with BETWEEN, LIKE, IN, and IS NULL
• Using Logical Operators

Advanced DML

• Grouping Data with a GROUP BY Clause
• Summarizing Data Using Aggregate Functions
• Constraining Groups with a HAVING Clause
• Using Single-Valued Subqueries
• Defining Multi-Valued Subqueries
• Using Special Operators with Subqueries
• Combining Queries with UNION, INTERSECT, and MINUS

Joining Tables

• Table Relationships and Keys
• Cartesian Products
• Simple Joins
• Equijoins and Non-Equijoins
• Using Name Qualifiers and Aliases
• Self Joins
• Outer Joins

Transactions

• Inserting Data Into a Table with INSERT
• Modifying Table Data with UPDATE
• Removing Data with DELETE
• Defining a Transaction
• Controlling the Transactional Isolation Level
• Using COMMIT and ROLLBACK

Other SQL Objects

• Catalogs and Schemas
• Views
• Indices
• Sequences
• Triggers
• Stored Procedures